Strategic nonlinear pricing

The objective of this paper is to examine the role of nonlinear strategies in a standard oligopoly framework. We demonstrate that nonlinear pricing may indeed emerge as an equilibrium strategy, but only when firms produce differentiated products, when one firm retains market power due to a cost advantage, or as part of an equilibrium in mixed strategies. In addition, we examine the role of nonlinear pricing in a spatial-competition framework. Our main conclusion is that in highly competitive markets, nonlinear pricing strategies are not likely to emerge as an equilibrium.     

A two–stage approach to additive time series models

For nonlinear additive time series models, an appealing approach used in the literature to estimate the nonparametric additive components is the projection method. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the projection method might not be efficient in an asymptotic sense. To estimate additive components efficiently, a two–stage approach is proposed together with a local linear fitting and a new bandwidth selector based on the nonparametric version of the Akaike information criterion. It is shown that the two–stage method not only achieves efficiency but also makes bandwidth selection relatively easier. Also, the asymptotic normality of the resulting estimator is established. A small simulation study is carried out to illustrate the proposed methodology and the two–stage approach is applied to a real example from econometrics.     

Calibrating a Diffusion Pricing Model with Uncertain Volatility: Regularization and Stability

A regularized (smoothed) version of the model calibration method of 1 ) is studied. We prove that the regularized formulation is solvable and that the solution depends continuously on the input data (observed derivative security prices). Associated issues of model credibility, stability, and robustness (insensitivity to model assumptions) are discussed. The Implicit Function Theorem for Banach spaces is used for the stability proof, and some numerical illustrations are included.     

A Nonlinear Model of the Term Structure of Interest Rates

We present an economically motivated two–factor term structure model that generalizes existing stochastic mean term structure models. By allowing a certain parameter to acquire dynamical behavior we extend the two–factor model to obtain a nonlinear three–factor model that is shown, in a deterministic version, to be equivalent to the Lorenz system of differential equations. With reasonable parameter values the model exhibits chaotic behavior. It successfully emulates certain properties of interest rates including cyclical behavior on a business cycle time scale. Estimation and pricing issues are discussed. Standard PCA techniques used to estimate HJM type models are observed to be equivalent to dimensional estimates commonly applied to 'spatial data' in nonlinear systems analysis.
It is concluded that techniques commonly used in the analysis of nonlinear systems may be directly applicable to interest rate models, offering new insights in the development of these models. Tests of nonlinearity in interest rate behavior may need to focus on long cycle times.     

Asymptotic expected number of Nash equilibria of two-player normal form games

The formula given by McLennan [The mean number of real roots of a multihomogeneous system of polynomial equations, Amer. J. Math. 124 (2002) 49–73] is applied to the mean number of Nash equilibria of random two-player normal form games in which the two players have M and N pure strategies respectively. Holding M fixed while N→∞, the expected number of Nash equilibria is approximately . Letting M=N→∞, the expected number of Nash equilibria is , where is a constant, and almost all equilibria have each player assigning positive probability to approximately 31.5915 percent of her pure strategies.     

公路桥型力学分类及其特点

以力学理论为基础将桥梁桥型进行分类,强调各种桥型的特点及受力特征,并介绍目前国内各种桥型取得的既有成就及桥梁发展趋势。     

The Intrinsic Traction Force in the Technological Development

There is an intrinsic traction force in the technological development which has various manifestations. It is from nonlinear interaction that occurs among the essential elements of technology and among the relevant technology. It is not the only decisive factor but to interweave with other tensions in the development of technology.     

The Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem and Food Demand Estimation

This article reports tests of aggregation over consumer food products and estimates of aggregate food demand elasticities. Evidence that food demand variables follow unit root processes leads us to build on and simplify existing tests of the Generalized Composite Commodity Theorem. We compute food demand elasticities using a method of cointegration that is shown to apply to a convenient but nonlinear functional form. Estimates are based on consumer reported expenditure data rather than commercial disappearance data.     

珠江三角洲外资机构的空间特征、机理与优化策略

改革开放以来，珠江三角洲的外资机构发展十分迅速，外资机构密度的纵向和横向空间特征十分明显。从纵向发展来看，外资机构的密度在1996年以后开始下降，下降的趋势由于受到外资机构数量扩展与建设用地扩展之间相互作用的影响而日趋平缓，而跨国公司生产成本和投资环境此消彼长、竞争区域崛起和跨国公司战略转型相辅相承是导致这种变化的根本原因。横向空间特征来看，外资机构密度的高低区域差异较大。这种差异不仅仅表现在生产企业方面，更重要的在于R＆D机构和跨国公司总部布局的不平衡，从而影响整体竞争优势的发挥。为此，珠江三角洲可以从招商引资方式和投资环境建设方面着手进行优化。     

我国股票市场的混沌探析

运用混沌理论对我国股票市场进行了实证研究 ,结果显示我国股票市场是一个低自由度的混沌系统 ,具有自相似的非线性结构 ,并且这种非线性结构可以用 GARCH( 1 ,1 )模型来拟合。